Book by Ashton Carter, Desmond Ball, Hans Bethe, Bruce Blair, Paul Bracken, Hillman Dickinson, Richard Garwin, Kurt Gottfried, David Holloway, Henry Kendall, Lloyd Leavitt, Jr., Richard Ned Debow, Condoleezza Rice, Peter Stein, John Steinbruner, Lucja Swiatkowski, and Paul Tomb.

The utility of space weapons to protect U.S. satellites, establish control of space, and project global force projection is constrained by three principal factors: “high cost, considerable susceptibility to countermeasures, and the availability of cheaper, more effective alternatives.” Based on these findings, the authors suggest that U.S. national security interests would be better served by an international regime that bans space weapons.