The overarching question imparting urgency to this exploration is: Can U.S.-Russian contention in cyberspace cause the two nuclear superpowers to stumble into war? In considering this question we were constantly reminded of recent comments by a prominent U.S. arms control expert: At least as dangerous as the risk of an actual cyberattack, he observed, is cyber operations’ “blurring of the line between peace and war.” Or, as Nye wrote, “in the cyber realm, the difference between a weapon and a non-weapon may come down to a single line of code, or simply the intent of a computer program’s user.”
Recep Tayyip Erdogan was elected to parliament and became prime minister in March 2003. Previously, he served as Mayor of Istanbul and was credited with fighting municipal corruption and improving the environment.Erdogan was once imprisoned for sedition in the country that he now governs after reading a poem about Islam in public.