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Adobe Stock

The Geopolitics of Information

To compete and thrive in the 21st century, democracies, and the United States in particular, must develop new national security and economic strategies that address the geopolitics of information. In the 20th century, market capitalist democracies geared infrastructure, energy, trade, and even social policy to protect and advance that era’s key source of power—manufacturing. In this century, democracies must better account for information geopolitics across all dimensions of domestic policy and national strategy.

 Sudanese protesters crowd a train in the capital Khartoum.

AP

People Power Is Rising in Africa

The authors analyze the trend of nonviolent overthrows of dictatorships in Africa.

Workers dismantle the Belt and Road Forum logo next to the “Golden Bridge of Silk Road” structure outside the media center as leaders are attending the round table summit of the Belt and Road Forum chaired by Chinese President Xi Jinping in Beijing, Saturday, April 27, 2019

AP Photo/Andy Wong

The Triangle in the Long Game

The purpose of this paper is to analyze how China’s new power is reaching Europe, the challenges that it poses, and the European responses to this new reality. This process has to be examined in the context of the current strategic competition between China and the U.S. and its reflection on the transatlantic relationship.

Aditi Kumar, Nicholas Burns, and Samantha Power

Summer 2019 Newsletter Photos

Photos from the Summer 2019 Belfer Center newsletter.

Programs

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  • Security and Global Health
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  • US-Russia Initiative to Prevent Nuclear Terrorism

Special Initiatives

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Quarterly Journal

International Security

International Security is America's leading peer-reviewed journal of security affairs. It provides sophisticated analyses of contemporary, theoretical, and historical security issues. International Security is edited at Harvard University's Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs and is published by The MIT Press.

Subscribe to Journal

Journal of International Security

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  • Staff & Editorial Board

Editorial Staff

Morgan L. Kaplan

    • Staff

    Morgan L. Kaplan

    Morgan L. Kaplan

    • request interview
    • Executive Editor, Quarterly Journal: International Security
    • Series Editor, Belfer Center Studies in International Security
    • Former Postdoctoral Research Fellow, International Security Program, 2016–2017
    • Affiliate, Middle East Initiative
    Expertise:
    • Middle East & North Africa
    • Conflict & Conflict Resolution
    • Intrastate conflict

Steven E. Miller

    • Staff
    • Board of Directors

    Steven E. Miller

    Steven E. Miller

    • request interview
    • Director, International Security Program; Editor-in-Chief, International Security; Co-Principal Investigator, Project on Managing the Atom
    • Member of the Board, Belfer Center
    Expertise:
    • Russia
    • Asia & the Pacific
    • Middle East & North Africa
    • Conflict & Conflict Resolution
    • Intrastate conflict
    • Nuclear power
    • Middle East policy
    • International Relations
    • U.S. foreign policy
    • NATO
    • International Security & Defense
    • Weapons of Mass Destruction
    • Security Strategy
    • Terrorism & Counterterrorism
    • NATO
    • Chemical & biological weapons
    • Military intervention
    • Iraq war
    • Nuclear Issues
    • Iran nuclear program
    • North Korea nuclear program
    • Nuclear proliferation
    • Nuclear security
    • Nuclear terrorism
    • Nuclear waste
    • Nuclear weapons
    • Russia nuclear program
    • U.S. nuclear issues

Owen R. Coté

    • Editorial Board

    Owen R. Coté

    Owen R. Coté

    • Editor, International Security
    Expertise:
    • International Security & Defense
    • Preventive defense
    • Security Strategy
    • Nuclear Issues
    • Nuclear security
    • Nuclear weapons

Diane J. McCree

    • Staff

    Diane J. McCree

    Diane J. McCree

    • Managing Editor, International Security

Carly Demetre

    • Staff

    Carly Demetre

    Carly Demetre

    • Editorial Assistant, International Security

Associate Editors

Risa Brooks photo

    Risa Brooks

    Risa Brooks photo

      • Associate Editor, Quarterly Journal: International Security
      Current Affiliation:
      Allis Chalmers Associate Professor, Marquette University

    Sumit Ganguly

      • Editorial Board

      Sumit Ganguly

      Sumit Ganguly

        • Editorial Board Member, Quarterly Journal: International Security
        • Associate Editor, Quarterly Journal: International Security
        Current Affiliation:
        Distinguished Professor, Indiana University, Bloomington

      Caitlin Talmadge photo

        Caitlin Talmadge

        Caitlin Talmadge photo

          • Associate Editor, Quarterly Journal: International Security
          • Former Fellow, John M. Olin Institute for Strategic Studies, Harvard University
          Current Affiliation:
          Associate Professor, Georgetown University

        Tanisha Fazal photo

          Tanisha Fazal

          Tanisha Fazal photo

            • Associate Editor, Quarterly Journal: International Security
            • Former National Security Postdoctoral Fellow, John M. Olin Institute for Strategic Studies, Harvard University
            Current Affiliation:
            Associate Professor, University of Minnesota

          Sarah Kreps photo

            Sarah Kreps

            Sarah Kreps photo

              • Associate Editor, Quarterly Journal: International Security
              • Former Fellow, Belfer Center
              Current Affiliation:
              Professor, Cornell University

            Editorial Board

            Graham Allison headshot

              • Faculty
              • Board of Directors

              Graham Allison

              Graham Allison headshot

              • request interview
              • Douglas Dillon Professor of Government, Harvard Kennedy School
              • Member of the Board, Belfer Center
              • Former Director, Belfer Center
              • Faculty Affiliate, Future of Diplomacy Project
              Expertise:
              • Russia
              • Asia & the Pacific
              • South Asia
              • Europe
              • Middle East & North Africa
              • Conflict & Conflict Resolution
              • Weak/Failed states
              • Energy security
              • Coronavirus
              • Governance
              • Middle East policy
              • International Relations
              • U.S. foreign policy
              • U.S. primacy
              • United Nations
              • NATO
              • International Security & Defense
              • Weapons of Mass Destruction
              • Preventive defense
              • Security Strategy
              • Terrorism & Counterterrorism
              • National security economics
              • NATO
              • Military policy
              • Chemical & biological weapons
              • Afghanistan war
              • Military intervention
              • Democracy
              • Homeland security
              • Iraq war
              • Nuclear Issues
              • Dirty bombs
              • Iran nuclear program
              • North Korea nuclear program
              • Nuclear proliferation
              • Nuclear security
              • Nuclear terrorism
              • Nuclear waste
              • Nuclear weapons
              • Russia nuclear program

            Robert Art

              • Alumni

              Robert Art

              Robert Art

                • Former Research Fellow, International Security Program; Editorial Board Member, Quarterly Journal: International Security
                Current Affiliation:
                Christian A. Herter Professor of International Relations, Brandeis University

              Mats Berdal

                • Editorial Board

                Mats Berdal

                Mats Berdal

                  • Editorial Board Member, Quarterly Journal: International Security
                  Current Affiliation:
                  Professor of Security & Development, King's College London

                Richard Betts

                  • Alumni

                  Richard Betts

                  Richard Betts

                    • Former Research Fellow, International Security Program; Editorial Board, Quarterly Journal: International Security
                    Current Affiliation:
                    Leo A. Shifrin Professor of War and Peace Studies and Arnold A. Saltzman Professor of War and Peace Studies, Columbia University

                    • Alumni

                    Stephen Biddle

                      • Former Research Fellow, International Security Program; Editorial Board Member, Quarterly Journal: International Security
                      Current Affiliation:
                      Professor of Political Science and International Affairs, The George Washington University

                    Michael Brown

                      • Alumni

                      Michael E. Brown

                      Michael Brown

                        • Editorial Board Member and Former Co-Editor, Quarterly Journal: International Security
                        Current Affiliation:
                        Professor of International Affairs and Political Science, The George Washington University

                        • Editorial Board

                        Daniel Byman

                          • Editorial Board Member, Quarterly Journal: International Security
                          Current Affiliation:
                          Professor, Georgetown University

                        Ash Carter

                          • Board of Directors
                          • Faculty

                          Ash Carter

                          Ash Carter

                          • request interview
                          • Director, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School
                          • Belfer Professor of Technology and Global Affairs
                          • Faculty Director, Technology and Public Purpose Project
                          • Member of the Board, Belfer Center
                          • Former United States Secretary of Defense (2015-2017)
                          Expertise:
                          • Russia
                          • Asia & the Pacific
                          • North America
                          • South Asia
                          • Europe
                          • Middle East & North Africa
                          • Intelligence in policymaking
                          • Military strategy
                          • NATO
                          • U.S. foreign policy
                          • International Security & Defense
                          • Afghanistan war
                          • Chemical & biological weapons
                          • China & security
                          • Democracy
                          • Homeland security
                          • National security economics
                          • Preventive defense
                          • Security Strategy
                          • Terrorism & Counterterrorism
                          • Weapons of Mass Destruction
                          • Nuclear Issues
                          • China nuclear issues
                          • India nuclear program
                          • Iran nuclear program
                          • North Korea nuclear program
                          • Nuclear proliferation
                          • Nuclear terrorism
                          • Russia nuclear program
                          • Science & Technology
                          • Science & Technology Policy

                        William C. Clark

                          • Board of Directors
                          • Faculty

                          William C. Clark

                          William C. Clark

                          • request interview
                          • Member of the Board, Belfer Center
                          • Faculty Chair, Environment and Natural Resources Program
                          • Harvey Brooks Professor of International Science, Public Policy, and Human Development
                          • Area Chair, HKS International and Global Affairs
                          Expertise:
                          • Energy
                          • Biofuels
                          • U.S. energy policy
                          • Environment & Climate Change
                          • Air pollution
                          • Biodiversity
                          • Climate agreements
                          • Climate change policy
                          • Environmental policy
                          • Natural resource management
                          • Sustainable development
                          • International Relations
                          • International development
                          • Science & Technology
                          • Globalization
                          • International comparisons
                          • Science & Technology Policy

                        Martha Crenshaw

                          • Editorial Board

                          Martha Crenshaw

                          Martha Crenshaw

                            • Editorial Board Member, Quarterly Journal: International Security
                            Current Affiliation:
                            Senior Fellow at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University

                          Michael C. Desch

                            • Editorial Board

                            Michael C. Desch

                            Michael C. Desch

                              • Editorial Board Member, Quarterly Journal: International Security
                              Current Affiliation:
                              Professor, University of Notre Dame

                            Lynn Eden

                              • Editorial Board

                              Lynn Eden

                              Lynn Eden

                                • Former Research Fellow, International Security Program; Editorial Board Member, Quarterly Journal: International Security
                                Current Affiliation:
                                Senior Research Scholar Emerita, Stanford University

                              Miriam Elman

                                • Alumni

                                Miriam Elman

                                Miriam Elman

                                  • Former Research Fellow, International Security Program, 1993-1994, 1995-1996, 1999-2001

                                Peter D. Feaver

                                  • Alumni

                                  Peter D. Feaver

                                  Peter D. Feaver

                                    • Former Research Fellow, International Security Program; Editorial Board Member, Quarterly Journal: International Security
                                    Current Affiliation:
                                    Professor of Political Science and Public Policy, Duke University

                                  Stephen Flanagan

                                    • Editorial Board
                                    • Alumni

                                    Stephen Flanagan

                                    Stephen Flanagan

                                      • Former Executive Director for Research, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs (1984-1987)
                                      • Editorial Board Member, Quarterly Journal: International Security (1984-90; 2000-13, 2016-)
                                      • Pre-Doctoral Fellow, Program on Science and International Affairs (1976-1978)
                                      Current Affiliation:
                                      Senior Political Scientist, RAND Corporation, Washington, D.C.

                                    Page Fortna

                                      • Editorial Board

                                      Page Fortna

                                      Page Fortna

                                        • Editorial Board Member, Quarterly Journal: International Security

                                      Lawrence Freedman

                                        • Editorial Board

                                        Lawrence Freedman

                                        Lawrence Freedman

                                          • Editorial Board Member, Quarterly Journal: International Security

                                        Sumit Ganguly

                                          • Editorial Board

                                          Sumit Ganguly

                                          Sumit Ganguly

                                            • Editorial Board Member, Quarterly Journal: International Security
                                            • Associate Editor, Quarterly Journal: International Security
                                            Current Affiliation:
                                            Distinguished Professor, Indiana University, Bloomington

                                          Richard Garwin

                                            • Editorial Board

                                            Richard Garwin

                                            Richard Garwin

                                              • Editorial Board Member, Quarterly Journal: International Security

                                              • Alumni

                                              Charles L Glaser

                                                • Former Research Fellow, International Security Program, 1982–1985; Editorial Board Member, Quarterly Journal: International Security

                                                • Editorial Board

                                                Arnold Horelick

                                                  • Editorial Board Member, Quarterly Journal: International Security

                                                Robert Jervis

                                                  • Editorial Board

                                                  Robert Jervis

                                                  Robert Jervis

                                                  • Editorial Board Member, Quarterly Journal: International Security

                                                Josef Joffe

                                                  • Editorial Board

                                                  Josef Joffe

                                                  Josef Joffe

                                                    • Editorial Board Member, Quarterly Journal: International Security
                                                    Expertise:
                                                    • Europe
                                                    • Middle East & North Africa
                                                    • U.S. foreign policy
                                                    • International Security & Defense

                                                  Catherine Kelleher

                                                    • Editorial Board

                                                    Catherine Kelleher

                                                    Catherine Kelleher

                                                      • Editorial Board Member, Quarterly Journal: International Security

                                                      • Editorial Board

                                                      Yuen Foong Khong

                                                        • Editorial Board Member, Quarterly Journal: International Security

                                                        • Alumni

                                                        Elizabeth Kier

                                                          • Former Research Fellow, International Security Program, 1998-1999; Editorial Board Member, Quarterly Journal: International Security

                                                          • Alumni

                                                          Christopher Layne

                                                            • Former Research Fellow, International Security Program, 1995–1996
                                                            • Editorial Board Member, Quarterly Journal: International Security
                                                            Current Affiliation:
                                                            University Distinguished Professor, Robert M. Gates Chair in National Security, Professor of International Affairs, Bush School of Government, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas

                                                          Sean M. Lynn-Jones

                                                            • Associate

                                                            Sean M. Lynn-Jones

                                                            Sean M. Lynn-Jones

                                                            • request interview
                                                            • Associate, International Security Program
                                                            • Editorial Board Member, Quarterly Journal: International Security
                                                            • Former Editor, International Security; Former Series Editor, Belfer Center Studies in International Security
                                                            Expertise:
                                                            • Conflict & Conflict Resolution
                                                            • International Relations
                                                            • U.S. foreign policy
                                                            • International Security & Defense
                                                            • Democracy

                                                          Michael May

                                                            • Editorial Board

                                                            Dr. Michael M. May

                                                            Michael May

                                                              • Editorial Board Member, Quarterly Journal: International Security

                                                            John J. Mearsheimer

                                                              • Editorial Board

                                                              John J. Mearsheimer

                                                              John J. Mearsheimer

                                                                • Editorial Board Member, Quarterly Journal: International Security

                                                              Sarah Mendelson

                                                                • Editorial Board

                                                                Sarah Mendelson

                                                                Sarah Mendelson

                                                                • Editorial Board Member, Quarterly Journal: International Security

                                                                • Alumni

                                                                Michael Nacht

                                                                  • Former Associate Director, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, 1973-1984; Editorial Board Member, Quarterly Journal: International Security

                                                                Joseph S. Nye, Jr.

                                                                  • Faculty
                                                                  • Board of Directors

                                                                  Joseph S. Nye

                                                                  Joseph S. Nye, Jr.

                                                                  • request interview
                                                                  • Harvard University Distinguished Service Professor
                                                                  • Member of the Board, Belfer Center
                                                                  • Faculty Affiliate, Future of Diplomacy Project
                                                                  Expertise:
                                                                  • Asia & the Pacific
                                                                  • South Asia
                                                                  • Europe
                                                                  • Weak/Failed states
                                                                  • Coronavirus
                                                                  • Intelligence in policymaking
                                                                  • Military strategy
                                                                  • International Relations
                                                                  • Soft power
                                                                  • U.S. foreign policy
                                                                  • U.S. primacy
                                                                  • History
                                                                  • International development
                                                                  • International Security & Defense
                                                                  • Weapons of Mass Destruction
                                                                  • Terrorism & Counterterrorism
                                                                  • Military policy
                                                                  • Afghanistan war
                                                                  • China & security
                                                                  • Democracy
                                                                  • Intelligence
                                                                  • Nuclear Issues
                                                                  • Dirty bombs
                                                                  • Nuclear proliferation
                                                                  • Nuclear security
                                                                  • Nuclear terrorism
                                                                  • Nuclear weapons
                                                                  • U.S. nuclear issues
                                                                  • Cyber Security

                                                                John Owen

                                                                  • Editorial Board

                                                                  John Owen

                                                                  John Owen

                                                                    • Editorial Board Member, Quarterly Journal: International Security

                                                                  Robert Pape

                                                                    • Editorial Board

                                                                    Robert Pape

                                                                    Robert Pape

                                                                      • Editorial Board Member, Quarterly Journal: International Security

                                                                      • Alumni

                                                                      Barry Posen

                                                                        • Former Research Fellow, International Security Program, 1979-1981; Former Associate, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, 1995-2000; Editorial Board Member, Quarterly Journal: International Security

                                                                        • Editorial Board

                                                                        Theodore Postol

                                                                          • Editorial Board Member, Quarterly Journal: International Security

                                                                        Dan Reiter

                                                                          • Editorial Board

                                                                          Dan Reiter

                                                                          Dan Reiter

                                                                            • Editorial Board Member, Quarterly Journal: International Security

                                                                          Adam Roberts

                                                                            • Editorial Board

                                                                            Adam Roberts

                                                                            Adam Roberts

                                                                              • Editorial Board Member, Quarterly Journal: International Security

                                                                            Scott Sagan

                                                                              • Alumni

                                                                              Scott D. Sagan

                                                                              Scott Sagan

                                                                                • Current Affiliation: The Caroline S. G. Munro Professor of Political Science and Senior Fellow, Center for International Security and Cooperation, Stanford University
                                                                                • Former Research Fellow, International Security Program, 1981-1982; Editorial Board Member, Quarterly Journal: International Security

                                                                              Randall Schweller

                                                                                • Editorial Board

                                                                                Randall Schweller

                                                                                Randall Schweller

                                                                                  • Editorial Board Member, Quarterly Journal: International Security

                                                                                  • Editorial Board

                                                                                  General Brent Scowcroft

                                                                                    • Editorial Board Member, Quarterly Journal: International Security

                                                                                  David Shambaugh

                                                                                    • Editorial Board

                                                                                    David Shambaugh

                                                                                    David Shambaugh

                                                                                      • Editorial Board Member, Quarterly Journal: International Security

                                                                                    Jack Snyder

                                                                                      • Editorial Board

                                                                                      Jack Snyder

                                                                                      Jack Snyder

                                                                                        • Editorial Board Member, Quarterly Journal: International Security

                                                                                      Etel Solingen

                                                                                        • Editorial Board

                                                                                        Etel Solingen

                                                                                        Etel Solingen

                                                                                          • Editorial Board Member, Quarterly Journal: International Security

                                                                                        Marc Trachtenberg

                                                                                          • Editorial Board

                                                                                          Marc Trachtenberg

                                                                                          Marc Trachtenberg

                                                                                            • Editorial Board Member, Quarterly Journal: International Security

                                                                                          Stephen Van Evera

                                                                                            • Alumni

                                                                                            Stephen Van Evera

                                                                                            Stephen Van Evera

                                                                                              • Former Research Fellow, International Security Program, 1978-1981 and 1984-1987; Editorial Board Member, Quarterly Journal: International Security

                                                                                            Stephen Walt

                                                                                              • Faculty
                                                                                              • Board of Directors

                                                                                              Stephen M. Walt

                                                                                              Stephen Walt

                                                                                              • request interview
                                                                                              • Robert and Renée Belfer Professor of International Affairs; Faculty Chair, International Security Program
                                                                                              • Member of the Board, Belfer Center
                                                                                              • Faculty Affiliate, Future of Diplomacy Project
                                                                                              • Faculty Affiliate, Middle East Initiative
                                                                                              Expertise:
                                                                                              • North America
                                                                                              • Europe
                                                                                              • Middle East & North Africa
                                                                                              • Coronavirus
                                                                                              • Middle East policy
                                                                                              • Military strategy
                                                                                              • International Relations
                                                                                              • U.S. foreign policy
                                                                                              • U.S. primacy
                                                                                              • United Nations
                                                                                              • NATO
                                                                                              • International Security & Defense
                                                                                              • Security Strategy
                                                                                              • Terrorism & Counterterrorism
                                                                                              • NATO
                                                                                              • Military policy
                                                                                              • Democracy
                                                                                              • Iraq war

                                                                                              • Editorial Board

                                                                                              William Wohlforth

                                                                                                • Editorial Board Member, Quarterly Journal: International Security

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                                                                                              Harvard Kennedy School Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs

                                                                                              Research, ideas, and leadership for a more secure, peaceful world.

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