The overarching question imparting urgency to this exploration is: Can U.S.-Russian contention in cyberspace cause the two nuclear superpowers to stumble into war? In considering this question we were constantly reminded of recent comments by a prominent U.S. arms control expert: At least as dangerous as the risk of an actual cyberattack, he observed, is cyber operations’ “blurring of the line between peace and war.” Or, as Nye wrote, “in the cyber realm, the difference between a weapon and a non-weapon may come down to a single line of code, or simply the intent of a computer program’s user.”
Renewables are widely perceived as an opportunity to shatter the hegemony of fossil fuel-rich states and democratize the energy landscape. Virtually all countries have access to some renewable energy resources (especially solar and wind power) and could thus substitute foreign supply with local resources. Our research shows, however, that the role countries are likely to assume in decarbonized energy systems will be based not only on their resource endowment but also on their policy choices.
As the United States emerges from the era of so-called forever wars, it should abandon the regime change business for good. Then, Washington must understand why it failed, writes Stephen Walt.
The future of the Arctic is critical not only for its four-million inhabitants and the unique ecosystems found in this northernmost region of Earth. A sustainable Arctic is key for global stability. Physical changes in the Arctic have globally significant climatic, environmental, and geopolitical implications, and successful collaboration through the Arctic Council has kept the Arctic peaceful and stable since its establishment twenty-five years ago.
Minister Gudlaugur Thór Thórdarson
In honor of Earth Day the Arctic Initiative at Harvard Kennedy School’s Belfer Center and the Polar Institute at the Woodrow Wilson Center hosted Iceland’s Minister of Foreign Affairs, Gudlaugur Thór Thórdarson, for a dialogue about Iceland’s Chairmanship of the Arctic Council and the role the Arctic Council can continue to play in maintaining stability as the region rapidly transforms due to a changing climate.
Minister Thórdarson noted in his opening remarks, “With temperature in the Arctic rising at more than twice the global average, climate change is already affecting the 4 million Arctic inhabitants. It is important that we recognize the science and react before it's too late.”
The Arctic Council is the leading intergovernmental forum promoting cooperation, coordination and interaction among the Arctic States, Arctic Indigenous peoples and other Arctic inhabitants on common Arctic issues, in particular on issues of sustainable development and environmental protection in the Arctic.
Since 2019 Iceland has chaired the Arctic Council with a focus on the theme of “Together towards a sustainable Arctic." Now in 2021 the Chairmanship of the Arctic Council transitions to the Russian Federation, and Minister Thórdarson is optimistic that this spirit of collaboration and commitment to sustainability will continue.
Mike Sfraga, founding director of the Polar Institute at the Woodrow Wilson Center who moderated the dialogue, noted, “We live in a big neighborhood but a small community." While the territory of the Arctic is vast, and tensions arise between the eight Arctic nations, the challenges are shared as these nations work to adapt to a changing climate. The Arctic Council offers a venue for collaboration and diplomacy by working across borders on these common challenges.
This kind of science diplomacy offers a promising path forward, and the Arctic Council provides a counter to the great power competition narrative that has often emerged when speaking about the Arctic region. In his closing remarks Minister Thórdarson offered his prediction for the importance of the Arctic Council over the next few years, “Because of the work of the Arctic Council we will see more international agreements, managed tensions, and continue collaborations because none of the Arctic countries will solve this alone.”
"Together Toward a Sustainable Arctic." Belfer Center Newsletter, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School. (Spring 2021)
In a new publication, Ketaki Zodgekar discusses sexual violence in the Ethiopian conflict even after the peace deal was signed in 2022. In the first two months after the signing, 852 incidents were reported.
Ahead of the G7, the Project on Managing the Atom convened participants in Hiroshima to discuss issues such as the merits of nuclear deterrence and risk reduction instruments.
Svenja Kirsch and Vladyslav Wallace argue that Russia should not be allowed to preside over the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), an institution of peace.
