Reports & Papers

When we think about critical infrastructure, the first assets that come to mind include the electric grid, water networks and transportation systems. Further unpacking the definition of critical infrastructure, we consider industries such as agriculture, defense or the financial sector. However, we rarely think about where the underlying systems that enable technology functionality across these sectors physically reside, who developed the technology, and who can access and manage that technology.

The American Academy of Arts and Sciences called upon Pavel Podvig and Hui Zhang to consider what consequences would develop if the United States continues to pursue the weaponization of space and how China and Russia would respond, and what would be the broader implications for international security.

"A successful war might trigger a wave of democratic reforms in the Arab world, but a bitter anti-American backlash is more likely."

Markle Foundation Task Force report on Protecting America's Freedom in the Information Age

Discussion Paper by Dr. Ashton B. Carter

Occasional Paper from the Center for Science and International Affairs

Book by Ashton Carter, Desmond Ball, Hans Bethe, Bruce Blair, Paul Bracken, Hillman Dickinson, Richard Garwin, Kurt Gottfried, David Holloway, Henry Kendall, Lloyd Leavitt, Jr., Richard Ned Debow, Condoleezza Rice, Peter Stein, John Steinbruner, Lucja Swiatkowski, and Paul Tomb.

Report by Dr. Ashton B. Carter for The Office of Technology Assessment, U.S. Congress