The overarching question imparting urgency to this exploration is: Can U.S.-Russian contention in cyberspace cause the two nuclear superpowers to stumble into war? In considering this question we were constantly reminded of recent comments by a prominent U.S. arms control expert: At least as dangerous as the risk of an actual cyberattack, he observed, is cyber operations’ “blurring of the line between peace and war.” Or, as Nye wrote, “in the cyber realm, the difference between a weapon and a non-weapon may come down to a single line of code, or simply the intent of a computer program’s user.”
Biography
Julia Brouillard is an associate at the Middle East Initiative. She conducts research on the impact of liberalization reforms on private sector development in the Middle East and Egypt. She is currently a PhD candidate in Economics at the School of African and Oriental Studies (SOAS) in London, as well as an Associate Economist at the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), with a focus on Mediterranean economies. She is a graduate of Sciences Po Paris with a degree in economics and politics and a master’s in public policy. Her recent publications focus on private sector development in Greece and Morocco.
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