Debunking myth: economic values in the Arab Worldthrough the prism of opinion polls

Abstract

Using World Value Survey opinion poll data, we empirically characterize the economic values and norms held by individuals in the Arab world, in comparison to values held in the rest of the world. We find that, contrary to some common beliefs, there are many values that predispose citizens of Arab countries to be part of a market economy, including a high level of work ethics, comfort with competition and the work of markets, and a high level of economic motivation. Moreover, it is unlikely that the fear of income redistribution has taxed investment, as opinions among Arab citizens are similar to average global opinions. However, we also find a few values that are inimical to the workings of a market-led economy, and in particular, a low preference for thrift, low levels of acceptance of women’s work outside home, and low trust in state institutions combined with a perception of high levels of corruption both in government and in business. We compare these preferences between citizens of Arab countries vs. citizens of Muslim-majority countries around the world, and of oil-exporting countries, and find that these groups exhibit related but distinct preference maps. We also ask whether these values are distributed differently among different types of individuals (with differing education, age, gender, and levels of religiosity) in the Arab world and in other countries around the world.