Policy Brief - Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs and the Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Business and Government
The Price Cap on Russian Oil Exports, Explained
If you’ve taken an introductory economics class, you were probably left with the strong impression that price caps are bad – they distort demand and discourage producers from supplying the market. So, why has Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen, the consummate economist, advocated so strongly for a price cap on Russian oil?
The answer is that this price cap is different from the standard cap discussed in introductory economics classes.
A standard price cap applies to all goods traded in a market. For example, in some countries there are price caps on bread for everyone or diesel for farmers or rent controls on housing. Such caps lead to excess demand for the good and insufficient supply, leading to shortages at the capped price. If prices are constrained, other non-price mechanisms, like first-come-first-served, are required to allocate the good. All too frequently, the result is empty bakery shelves or fuel shortages or difficulties finding housing. To understand why the cap on Russian oil is different, we first need to provide background on Russian oil trade and the proposed price cap.
For more information on this publication:
Belfer Communications Office
For Academic Citation:
Wolfram, Catherine, Simon Johnson and Łukasz Rachel. “The Price Cap on Russian Oil Exports, Explained.” Policy Brief, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs and the Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Business and Government, December 5, 2022.
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If you’ve taken an introductory economics class, you were probably left with the strong impression that price caps are bad – they distort demand and discourage producers from supplying the market. So, why has Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen, the consummate economist, advocated so strongly for a price cap on Russian oil?
The answer is that this price cap is different from the standard cap discussed in introductory economics classes.
A standard price cap applies to all goods traded in a market. For example, in some countries there are price caps on bread for everyone or diesel for farmers or rent controls on housing. Such caps lead to excess demand for the good and insufficient supply, leading to shortages at the capped price. If prices are constrained, other non-price mechanisms, like first-come-first-served, are required to allocate the good. All too frequently, the result is empty bakery shelves or fuel shortages or difficulties finding housing. To understand why the cap on Russian oil is different, we first need to provide background on Russian oil trade and the proposed price cap.
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Recommended
Analysis & Opinions - Environment and Natural Resources Program, Belfer Center
Event Debrief: Permitting Progress in Support of U.S. Clean Energy and Climate Goals
Audio - Harvard Environmental Economics Program
The Electricity Sector and Climate Policy: A Discussion with Karen Palmer
Paper - Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School
Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage: Carbon Dioxide Transport Costs and Network-Infrastructure Considerations for a Net-Zero United States
In the Spotlight
Most Viewed
Analysis & Opinions - Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School
The Impact of Henry Kissinger
Analysis & Opinions - Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School
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