Journal Article - Quarterly Journal: International Security
White Supremacy, Terrorism, and the Failure of Reconstruction in the United States
White Southerners opposed to Reconstruction used violence to undermine Black political power and force uncommitted white Southerners to their side. The U.S. government did not deploy enough troops and withdrew them too quickly. This failure shows that democratization must include ensuring rights and the rule of law, not just elections. Reconstruction demonstrates that a common policy recommendation—compromise with the losers after a civil war—neither ensures lasting peace nor prevents generations of injustice.
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For Academic Citation:
Daniel Byman, "White Supremacy, Terrorism, and the Failure of Reconstruction in the United States," International Security, Vol. 46, No. 1 (Summer 2021), pp. 53–103, https://doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00410.
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White Southerners opposed to Reconstruction used violence to undermine Black political power and force uncommitted white Southerners to their side. The U.S. government did not deploy enough troops and withdrew them too quickly. This failure shows that democratization must include ensuring rights and the rule of law, not just elections. Reconstruction demonstrates that a common policy recommendation—compromise with the losers after a civil war—neither ensures lasting peace nor prevents generations of injustice.
Daniel Byman, "White Supremacy, Terrorism, and the Failure of Reconstruction in the United States," International Security, Vol. 46, No. 1 (Summer 2021), pp. 53–103, https://doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00410.
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Journal Article - International Security
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In the Spotlight
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Report - Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs
David Petraeus on Strategic Leadership
Report - Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School
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Paper - Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School
Attacking Artificial Intelligence: AI’s Security Vulnerability and What Policymakers Can Do About It