International Security

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Escalation through Entanglement: How the Vulnerability of Command-and-Control Systems Raises the Risks of an Inadvertent Nuclear War

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The Ohio-class ballistic missile submarine USS Pennsylvania transits the Hood Canal in Washington.

Summary

U.S., Chinese, and Russian military command-and-control systems are vulnerable, raising the risk of inadvertent nuclear escalation. Misinterpreted cyber espionage and strikes against early warning systems must be reconsidered by decisionmakers. 

Recommended citation

James M. Acton, "Escalation through Entanglement: How the Vulnerability of Command-and-Control Systems Raises the Risks of an Inadvertent Nuclear War," Vol. 43, No. 1 (Summer 2018), pp. 56–99, doi:10.1162/isec_a_00320.

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