Chilembwe is revered as a hero in modern Malawi, which achieved independence in 1964. He was its first principled rebel, its first serious protester against colonial rule, and the first to shatter the widespread imperial belief that "the natives were happy" under foreign domination. Was he a conscious martyr in the cause of African independence, or did John Chilembwe secretly suspect that he and a small group of fellow Africans could oust their overlords and gain control of their own destinies?
Rotberg, Robert. “Vita: John Chilembwe, Brief Life of an Anticolonial Rebel: 1871-1915.” Harvard Magazine, March/April 2005
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