The Emerging Field of Energy Transitions: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities

Energy transitions are an unmistakable part of today's public discourse. Whether shaped by fuel price flux, environmental and security concerns, technology change, or goals to improve energy access, attention turns to ways in which to improve energy pathways. Yet what is understood about energy system change is still emerging. This article explores the evolving field of energy transitions with an aim to connect and enlarge the scholarship. Definitions and examples of energy system change are discussed, followed by core ideas on trade-offs, urgency, and innovation. Key information sources and suppliers are considered with gaps and challenges noted. Global energy developments and related mega-trends are then reviewed to highlight areas of analytical significance. Opportunities for further research are highlighted.