According to Caryl Haskins (1), "modern archaeological research leaves little room for doubt that the basic technological revolutions of mankind antedated the scientific revolution by many thousands of years." It is thus clear that "a technology of distinction can evolve and can even reach notable heights in a society of wholly pragmatic outlook," but what Haskins calls the "close and vital partnership" between science and technology is unique to the modern era and almost certainly essential to a sustained technological civilization at present levels of population and quality of life.
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Brooks, Harvey. “Can Science Survive in the Modern Age?.” Science, October 1971