International Security

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Deception and Detection: Why Artificial Intelligence Empowers Cyber Defense over Offense

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The sign outside the National Security Administration (NSA) campus where U.S. Cyber Command is located in Fort Meade, Md., June 6, 2013.
The sign outside the National Security Administration (NSA) campus where U.S. Cyber Command is located in Fort Meade, Md., June 6, 2013. 

Many have predicted that AI will revolutionize cyber conflict by enabling automation for faster, stealthier, and more damaging attacks. But in fact, the defense has more to gain from AI automation than the offense. Cyber offense requires creative deception, which AI models struggle with. At the same time, AI models excel at the pattern recognition key for defensive operations. States that invest in defense automation will likely enjoy a growing advantage over those that prioritize offense automation. 

Recommended citation

Lennart Maschmeyer, "Deception and Detection: Why Artificial Intelligence Empowers Cyber Defense over Offense," International Security, Vol. 50, No. 3 (Winter 2025/26), pp. 86–126, https://doi.org/10.1162/ISEC.a.398.

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