The Kremlin and the US Election

Ambiguity surrounds the Russian intervention with the 2016 US elections and the measures taken to prevent it.

In early November, US President Barack Obama reportedly contacted Russian President Vladimir Putin personally to warn against cyber-attacks aimed at the American presidential election.

The previous month, James Clapper, the director of national intelligence,  and Jeh Johnson, the secretary of homeland security, publicly accused Russia's most senior officials of using cyber-attacks to ''interfere with the US election process".

In the aftermath of the November 8 election, no firm evidence has emerged that hacking interfered with voting machines or other electoral equipment. But in an election that turned on 100,000 votes in three key states, some observers argue that Russian cyber-interference in the political process may have had a significant impact....

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