Books

The Untold Story of China’s Nuclear Weapon Development and Testing

Dr. Hui Zhang

At a time when the relationship between the United States and China is deteriorating—as China’s regional influence and capabilities expand, and tensions over trade and technology exports increase—strategic stability between the two nations is also eroding. Of particular concern to the U.S. is China’s on-going nuclear modernization and the significant buildup of its nuclear arsenal. However, too little is known about the specifics of China’s nuclear weapons programs, or about the performance of its nuclear warheads.

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About the book

The Untold Story of China’s Nuclear Weapon Development and Testing offers the most comprehensive account of China’s nuclear weapons development from 1955 to 1996. Hui Zhang examines the purpose and technical specifics of each nuclear test and provides new details about China’s pursuit of warhead miniaturization. Based on a number of new Chinese-language sources that have not previously been analyzed, this book reveals that China has the ability to produce smaller, lighter warheads than some have suggested, as well as more options for missiles that could carry a larger number of warheads.

The book also provides a new framework for understanding China’s efforts to modernize its nuclear arsenal and offers clues about the future of China’s nuclear program. As the international community watches China’s rapid nuclear expansion with concern—and, in particular, as the United States considers whether it will be confronting two peer nuclear-armed adversaries (Russia and China) in the future—this book is a significant contribution to the policy debate over a potential new three-way nuclear arms race.

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Recommended citation

Zhang, Hui. “The Untold Story of China’s Nuclear Weapon Development and Testing.” MIT Press, November 25, 2025

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The full text of this publication is available via MIT Press.

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