Belfer Center Annual Report: 2025
The Belfer Center Annual Report highlights the most impactful content and initiatives from the past year, showcasing our research, events, and thought leadership that address today’s most pressing global challenges.
In a time of profound global complexity, our community came together to produce impactful research, convene key decision-makers, and train the next generation of leaders.
Center-Wide Activities, 2025
In 2025, the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs continued to advance its mission of bringing world-class scholarship and training to bear on the most consequential challenges facing today’s world. Amid accelerating geopolitical competition, rapid technological change, and persistent risks of conflict, the Center served as a hub for analysis, dialogue, and leadership development—connecting ideas generated at Harvard with decision-makers globally.
Our Impact in 2025
Critical and Emerging Technologies Index
From Defense, Emerging Technology, and Strategy
The Autonomous Arsenal in Defense of Taiwan: Technology, Law, and Policy of the Replicator Initiative
From Defense, Emerging Technology, and Strategy
To sustain the exception that has allowed the world to experience an unprecedented period without a great-power war will require a surge of strategic imagination and national determination today.
Who Holds the High Cards in Sino-American Supply Chain Poker?
From Applied History Project
It’s Time for Ukraine to Accept an Ugly Peace
Announcing Faculty Award Winners for Research at the Intersection of Technology and Geopolitics
From Emerging Technology, Scientific Advancement, and Global Policy
Critical Minerals Explained: Why They Matter for Geopolitics, Clean Energy & Tech
From Emerging Technology, Scientific Advancement, and Global Policy
Beyond Rhetoric: The Enduring Political Appeal of U.S. Industrial Policy for Critical and Strategic Technologies
From Emerging Technology, Scientific Advancement, and Global Policy
How to Build in Space for Life on Earth
From Emerging Technology, Scientific Advancement, and Global Policy
Agile AI Partnerships: A Public-Private FLEXible and SMART Framework for National Security and Competitive Innovation
From Intelligence Project
Bilateral Consequences of Compromised Intelligence Operations, 1985-2020
From Intelligence Project
Private Sector Intelligence Careers: Analyzing Job Titles and Professional Trends
From Intelligence Project
For Trump Administration, Fighting Crime Takes a Backseat to Immigration Arrests
From Homeland Security Project
Democracy requires a strong shared belief that our political differences must be settled through peaceful means... No other major American political leader in recent memory has so publicly entertained the idea of getting his way by force.
Ian Bremmer Joins Belfer Center as Senior Fellow
John Holdren Awarded 2026 AIP Karl Compton Medal
From Science, Technology, and Public Policy
External States and Syria’s Challenge of Reunification under Transitional President Ahmed al-Sharaa
From Middle East Initiative
Even as hospitals in Gaza were turned into battlefields, some Palestinian–Israeli health care programs bridged the deep divides and continued to build trust between the populations in conflict.
External Threat and Nuclear Preferences: Micro-Level Insights from the Iran–Israel Confrontation
From Middle East Initiative
The Green Swap: Disentangling Climate and Development Impact to Mobilize Climate Finance
From Environment and Natural Resources
Policy Options to Achieve U.S. Sustainable Aviation Fuel Targets
From Environment and Natural Resources
South Korea, a stable U.S. ally, proved that even economically successful and democratic nations can implode at a moment’s notice. Such instability would only be exacerbated if South Korea were a nuclear weapons state.
Access Denied? The Sino-American Contest for Military Primacy in Asia
From International Security Program
“China is a status quo power concerned with regime stability,” the authors of a provocative paper in International Security write, “and it remains more inwardly focused than externally oriented.”
The Revenue Potential and Country Exposure of a U.S. Border Carbon Adjustment
From Science, Technology, and Public Policy
National security and technological competitiveness concerns have led to a “securitization” of science in the United States, which has cooled international partnerships.
Syria After the Fall of Assad
From Middle East Initiative
3 Years Later: What Russia’s Aggression in Ukraine Has Cost It and What It’s Gained
From Russia Matters
Many have tried to define the war in Ukraine as one of attrition. It is not. It is a war of will. Victory will belong not to the side with more resources, but to the side with the stronger, more adaptive and unyielding will to win.
Convening Dialogue at a Critical Time
I propose an alternative approach to space governance: establishing a conference of the parties (COP) for the existing Outer Space Treaty. Rather than seeking a sweeping new agreement, this would allow for progress within the current legal framework.
Why You Can’t Always Trust the Intelligence on Nuclear Breakout
From International Security Program
Living on the Edge: NATO’s Eastern Frontier, Article 5, and Russia’s Motive
From International Security Program
Remembering Joseph S. Nye
In May 2025, the Belfer Center community mourned the loss of Joe Nye-- former Dean of the Harvard Kennedy School, who served as Assistant Secretary of Defense for international security affairs under President Bill Clinton, and one of the most influential thinkers in contemporary international relations theory.
Middle East Dialogues
Watch the series of in-depth conversations with leading scholars, intellectuals, and public servants exposing students and the public to varied and vital perspectives on the region, the transformations and turmoil underway, and prospects for peace and prosperity.
Munich Security Conference 2025
Belfer Center experts convened at the Munich Security Conference in 2025 to contribute to the world's leading forum for debating international security policy.
In Politico: We Need a New Transatlantic Bargain
From Europe and the Transatlantic Relationship
Belfer in the Forum
Throughout the year, Belfer experts hosted global leaders on stage at the JFK Jr. Forum. Watch each conversation here.